SACRAMENTO, Calif. — In a show of defiance to the Trump administration's crackdown on immigrants, California lawmakers on Monday voted to ban federal immigration agents from being hired for many local and state government jobs and to outlaw electric-shock gloves similar to those that may be distributed to federal officers.

The two bills were among a slate of legislation approved by the Democratic-led state Legislature to thwart certain tactics and tools used by Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents, such as arresting undocumented immigrants who appear at courthouses for scheduled immigration hearings.

"We have the fourth largest economy in the world because of our immigrant and undocumented community, and they're being penalized and targeted by the Trump administration," said Assembly member Mark Gonzalez (D-Los Angeles). "This package of immigrant bills that we've sent (to the governor) is trying to say that we are here to defend you."

Gonzalez authored a bill to prohibit agents and contractors involved in immigration enforcement from being employed in the future by the state, cities, counties, school districts and other public entities. It was supported by Assembly Speaker Robert Rivas (D-Hollister) and called the "Get the Feds Out" Act or "GTFO."

It would allow an exception for officers who are accepted to a police agency and take the state's basic police training course but notes that "suitability shall be determined on a case-by-case basis."

State Sen. Lena Gonzalez (D-Long Beach), chair of the Latino Legislative Caucus, said the state "expects its public employees to be moral" and to defend the state and U.S. constitutions.

"Anyone who is participating in the raids have shown that they do not live up to the bar that Californians deserve from their public servants. This bill says that individuals who participated in immigration enforcement activities will be disqualified from holding state, county, or local public employment in California," except in certain circumstances, she said.

A separate bill by Assemblymember Isaac Bryan (D-Los Angeles) would block police and other law enforcement officers from taking second jobs or working as contractors on federal immigration enforcement.

"If you sign up to protect and serve our communities during the day with a local law enforcement agency, you cannot moonlight with ICE," Bryan said.

During a June hearing, state Sen. Kelly Seyarto (R-Murrieta) said the bill was "based on anger at an issue" that "a lot of people disagree on," which Republican lawmakers commonly cited when debating the immigration-related bills.

"It opens up this can of worms of interpretations that are sometimes not based on reality," he said.

State and federal law enforcement officers will be banned from using electric-shock gloves until 2030, and the state Department of Justice will be required to study their safety, under a bill passed Monday night. The last-minute legislation was introduced last week following a report that the Department of Homeland Security planned to purchase the gloves for use in immigration enforcement.

The bill "draws a clear line," said its Senate sponsor, state Sen. Jesse Arreguín (D-Berkeley): "Public safety technology must be proven safe and accountable before it's deployed, not after someone is killed or seriously injured."

Republicans opposed the bill, arguing the gloves could be a safer way to subdue suspects than firearms.

"If electric shock is a better alternative than actually shooting someone, I don't think we should take it off the table," said state Sen. Tony Strickland (R-Huntington Beach). "Law enforcement deserves the tools they need to keep us safe."

Lawmakers on Friday approved legislation to ban federal immigration agents and other law enforcement officers from wearing masks in the state. The measure, Senate Bill 1004, was introduced by Sen. Scott Wiener (D-San Francisco) to fix an earlier law that was struck down as unconstitutional by a federal court judge.

Other bills would prohibit arrests of people traveling to or from court hearings, as federal immigration agents have arrested undocumented people appearing at immigration hearings; impose a 25% tax on income earned by companies operating immigration detention centers; and allow individuals to file lawsuits against federal agents over alleged civil rights violations such as excessive force, unlawful home searches and interfering with the right to protest.

Critics argued that some bills might not stand up to legal challenges.

"This seems to fit the general pattern that California will bend over backwards to protect people who are in the country illegally, even if it means putting the public at risk," said Ira Mehlman with the Federation for American Immigration Reform, a group that advocates for strict immigration limits.

Gov. Gavin Newsom has until Sept. 30 to sign or veto bills approved by the Legislature.

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