LOS ANGELES — In the late 1990s and early aughts, the conservative Parents Television Council struck fear in the hearts of network TV executives for its high-profile campaigns against shows it deemed too raunchy.

The watchdog group, founded by conservative commentator L. Brent Bozell III, railed against Fox's "Melrose Place" and "Family Guy"; NBC's "Just Shoot Me"; and the CW's "Gossip Girl." It also singled out CBS following the infamous Janet Jackson-Justin Timberlake "nipplegate" controversy during the 2004 Super Bowl halftime show when the singer's breast was briefly exposed.

But the Parents Television Council Inc. — whose members lodged thousands of indecency complaints with the Federal Communications Commission — has folded. Earlier this month, the Burbank-based nonprofit filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy in Delaware court, saying it had $284,823 in liabilities, which include staff member salaries, insurance payments and credit card debt. The filing lists $91,874 in assets.

The group's demise reflects broad cultural changes, including a fractured media environment and consumers' shift to streaming and social media apps such as TikTok for entertainment. Parents also have tools, including the ability to configure settings on streaming accounts to try to shield children from inappropriate content.

The PTC's power came, in large part, from its ability to flood the FCC with indecency complaints. But the FCC, which licenses broadcasters, does not regulate streaming services, YouTube or TikTok.

The council had clout with advertisers, which put pressure on network programmers to minimize shows that would raise the group's ire and threats of boycotts.

"I'm disappointed but I'm still very proud of what we did and what we achieved," Tim Winter, former president of the group, said Friday. "We were able to raise awareness about so many important issues — issues that are still out there."

"Like most businesses, it came down to money," said Winter, who retired three years ago. "It's just a slog out there to fundraise."

Decades ago, the group hauled in millions of dollars in donations. The PTC boasted more than 653,000 members and supporters by 2000. However, in 2023, the most recent year of available tax reports, the Parents Television Council raised just $1.6 million, down from $4.7 million in 2007.

The group, which also went by Parents Television and Media Council, was formed in 1995 by Bozell as the Hollywood arm of his Virginia-based Media Research Center.

Bozell, long a booster of President Donald Trump, now serves in his administration as ambassador to South Africa.

One of the PTC's early efforts was to urge broadcasters to reserve the 8 p.m. hour for family-friendly fare. That was the custom of the networks in the 1970s; but two decades later, there was a rise in sexually suggestive content.

Over the years, the group hired analysts to monitor TV programming, published detailed reports and TV show rankings. Winter testified before a U.S. Senate committee hearing in 2007 on the impact of media violence on children.

Advertisers were sensitive to the PTC's warnings.

"We were able to redirect tens of millions of dollars away from more explicit programming and into more family-friendly shows," Winter said.

The PTC also spoke out against media consolidation, which accelerated in the 1990s, "the problem of having too few voices hold the microphone," Winter said.

While it initially focused on broadcast shows, the group went after others, including Netflix when it offered the show "13 Reasons Why," based on a book about a 17-year-old girl who died by suicide. The PTC, and other organizations, decried the series, fearing it would encourage more deaths.

Netflix responded by deleting a graphic suicide scene, and the show was later canceled.

"The media culture is no less toxic than it was years ago. And in some ways, it is more toxic," Winter said, adding that other organizations will have to carry the mantle. "The mission is more important than ever."

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